The Ethical Legacy of Sokoto Caliphate: A Blueprint For contemporary Moral Reforms in Nigeria

Abstract

The Sokoto Caliphate, established in the early 19th century, remains one of the most influential Islamic states in West Africa. Founded on a robust moral and ethical foundation rooted in Islamic teachings, the Caliphate emphasised justice, honesty, education, and social welfare. In contemporary Nigeria, which grapples with moral decline, corruption, and socio-political instability, revisiting the ethical structures of the Sokoto Caliphate offers a potentially transformative framework. This paper investigates the moral vision laid down by Usman ɗan Fodio and his successors and evaluates its relevance to Nigeria’s current moral crises. Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilises historical and documentary analysis of primary sources such as the writings of Usman ɗan Fodio and secondary scholarly works. Thematically analysed data reveal that the Caliphate operated on a justice-centred leadership model and emphasised inclusive, morally grounded education. These findings suggest that reintegrating such values into governance could serve as an antidote to Nigeria’s contemporary ethical challenges. Accordingly, the paper recommends reintroducing Islamic ethical governance principles, enhancing access to moral education, reinforcing institutional accountability, promoting ethical training for officials, and developing inclusive welfare systems.