Al-Hikmah University Journal

This study sought to determine the effect of financial literacy programs, usage of agents and representatives, increased proliferation of ATMs and Mobile banking services on the financial performance of listed banks in Nigeria and to determine the effect of bank branch spread on performance of listed banks in Nigerian. The main theories reviewed in this study were the Bank Led Theory and Contemporary Banking Theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design, and the study population included management and operational level employees of the 5 Deposit Money Banks listed on the Nigerian Securities Exchange. A census study was conducted with primary data being collected using questionnaires. The analysis of data based on SPSS software (version 23) and regression analysis presented using tables. The results of the study determined that financial inclusion elements have a positive and strong impact on the financial performance of banks in terms of return on equity (ROE). The study determined that financial literacy programs have positive but weak impact on financial performance of selected banks. The use of agents and representatives had positive and strong effect on performance of sampled banks. The proliferation of ATMs and Mobile banking services had positive but weak effect on financial performance of selected banks. Bank branch spread had positive but weak effect on financial performance of selected banks. The study recommends that policy makers in the financial institutions such as banks should make use of financial inclusion elements to improve financial performance of Nigerian banks.