INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
International Journal of Advanced Research in Multidisciplinary Studies (IJARMS) is an internationally recognized peer-reviewed multidisciplinary Journal published twice a year (June and December) by the Centre for Research, Industrial Linkage and International Cooperation, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria. Normally, Authors submitting manuscripts are expected to present their research work for assessment and review. Manuscripts are published on the assumption that they are original and have not been published elsewhere. All manuscripts are assessed initially by the Editors and only those papers that meet the editorial standards of the journal will be sent for review. All manuscripts are reviewed as soon as possible and an editorial decision is generally reached within 8-10 Days of submission.
REVIEW ON SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING APPROACH TO MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES IN NIGERIA
The application of system dynamics to national economics modelling is becoming more acceptable, particularly for refining economic policies and forecasting. This study is focused on the targeted application of system dynamics modeling to the macroeconomic policy scenarios of Nigeria, spinning toward a transformative paradigm shift that harness this methodology for effective modelling of macroeconomic variables. The article understudies an innovative approach to reviewing economic variables within the framework of national economies, showing the innate potentials of system dynamics to unravel the complexities inherent in dynamics and nonlinear macroeconomics systems. A fundamental focus is placed on the important interplay between constituent elements within the system structure, with particular attention accorded to the pivoted stages of model conceptualization. Through this systematic review, the article serves to provide and enrich the comprehension of macroeconomic system bahaviour in Nigeria, with the ultimate aim of steering the design of more adept impactful macroeconomic policies.
System Dynamics (SD), System Dynamic Modelling (SDM), Stocks, Feedback, Macroeconomic variables
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CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS IN PLATEAU STATE
The study focused on examining the relationship between climate change and environmental conflicts in Plateau State. To conduct the research, the methodology employed was the analysis of existing qualitative data, which were readily available within the study area. Various variables were analyzed to understand the intricate dynamics at play. In order to comprehend the causes of the conflicts, the study adopted the theory of deprivation, frustration, and aggression developed by Dougherty and Pfentzgraff in 1971. This theory provided a valuable framework for understanding the underlying factors leading to environmental conflicts in the region. The findings of the study indicated that Plateau State, Nigeria is indeed facing the impacts of climate change, which are significantly affecting the environment and exacerbating conflicts. The consequences are evident in the form of disrupted rainfall patterns and land degradation, further intensifying the vulnerability of the region. To address these challenges, the study proposed several recommendations. It emphasized the importance of implementing effective climate change adaptation measures in Plateau State. This could involve promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, such as conservation farming and agroforestry, to enhance resilience against changing rainfall patterns and mitigate land degradation. Furthermore, investing in water management strategies, including rainwater harvesting and small-scale irrigation systems, was identified as crucial for coping with reduced water availability caused by climate change. Such measures would contribute to sustainable water usage and minimize conflicts arising from water scarcity. In conclusion, the study emphasized the urgency of taking proactive steps to mitigate the impacts of climate change on the environment and conflicts in Plateau State. By implementing the recommended measures, the state can work towards a more sustainable and harmonious future, ensuring the well-being of its people and the preservation of its natural resources
Climate change, Environmental conflict, Deprivation, Frustration, Plateau State
IMPACT OF INCLUSIVE PRACTICES ON STUDENTS´ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND ACHIEVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF A REGULAR SCHOOL IN MAPUTO CITY
Actions towards the implementation of inclusive practices should not only be written in papers, it is crucial that such practices also do reflect in real educational contexts. More importantly, the effective implementation of inclusive practices in regular classrooms must not be a task exclusively given to teachers; it is the responsibility of the whole community members to make every endeavour to support inclusion in education. However, on the one hand, educational leaders must ensure that inclusive policies are disclosed and implemented; on the other hand, teachers require further training in order to broaden their knowledge so that students’ needs are fully met and academic development and accomplishments are successfully achieved. Inclusive practices should be designed to promote the active participation of all students, irrespective of their disabilities or other condition that could impose a barrier to their effective learning process. The aim of this study lies upon the need to describe the effects of inclusive practices on the academic performance and achievement of both students with and without disabilities, and how these outcomes contribute to the quality of the Mozambican education system. In this regard, this qualitative study was conducted through a combination of interview and observation data collection methods, whereby the researcher interviewed teachers and observed specific lessons in a Mozambican regular school. The research results contained herein will emphasize the main constraints and challenges faced by educational stakeholders in Mozambique and will highlight the need to conduct further studies in this area in order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the appropriate strategies to eliminate teaching and learning barriers in inclusive learning settings.
inclusive practices, disability, regular schools, academic achievement.
SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PREVALENCE OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) IN ASA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the Socio-cultural Factors Influencing the Prevalence of HIV in Asa Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Respondents were individuals aged 18 years and above who are residents for at least six months, Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. 400 sample size was determined using Fisher’s formula. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants, and collected data were analysed with SPSS version 26. The study revealed (100%) awareness of HIV among respondents, yet knowledge accuracy varied, with significant misconceptions about transmission persisting. A significant relationship was found between age and HIV knowledge (χ² = 8.409, p = 0.015), with younger respondents (≤ 30 years) having a higher percentage of good knowledge (67.0%). Gender also showed a significant association with HIV knowledge (χ² = 10.911, p = 0.001). As education level was also strongly associated with HIV knowledge (χ² = 190.265f, p = 0.001). These findings revealed the importance of socio-demographic factors in influencing knowledge about HIV. Behavioral changes, such as reducing sexual partners and using condoms, were reported by 82% of respondents, but risky behaviors continued, influenced by socio-cultural factors like polygamy, reliance on traditional healers, and gender norms. Cultural practices were identified by 89.3% of respondents as contributing to HIV prevalence, particularly through polygamy and traditional rituals involving unsterilized practices. It was concluded that there are misconceptions about HIV that sterns from cultural beliefs that negatively influences HIV prevention and care. It is essential to implement interventions that are culturally sensitive and tailored to the community's unique social dynamics.
AWARENESS AND SELF-EFFICACY OF UNIVERSITIES LECTURERS’ IN THE USE OF CANVAS IN KWARA STATE
Canvas is a learning management system and also a social learning platform which enhance effective delivery of instruction, virtually and increases interaction among the users (lecturers, students and peers). However, with its great potential of enhancing teaching / learning process, lack of skills, inadequate ICT resources, over dependence on conventional method of teaching among other factors militating against the adoption of Canvas which also affect its awareness among lecturers in some Nigerian Universities. Hence, this study investigated universities lecturers’ awareness and self-efficacy in the use of Canvas in Kwara State. This study adopted a descriptive research design of the survey type, the population for this study were all lecturers in Kwara State, the target population were lecturers in three (3) selected universities in Kwara State, proportionate sampling was used to select 350 lecturers in the three selected universities. A researcher designed questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents, the instrument was validated and pilot tested using Cronbach alpha. The data gathered was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study reviewed that: lecturers were aware of Canvas and highly proficient in using Canvas for teaching; there was no significant influence on lecturers’ awareness in the use of Canvas for teaching based on gender; and there was no significant difference on lecturers’ self-efficacy in the use of Canvas for teaching based on gender. The study concluded that majority of the lecturers were aware of the existence of Canvas, and the study recommend that Institutions should endeavor to expose lecturers to canvas through faculties or departments to improve its level of use.
Canvas, learning Management System, Self- efficacy
ASSESSMENT OF YOUTHS UNEMPLOYMENT AS FACTOR FOR POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND RESTIVENESS IN KWALI AREA COUNCIL OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA
This study examines the nexus between Youths Unemployment and political restiveness and violence in Kwali Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The objectives of the study is to specifically investigate the relationship between youth’s unemployment and Political violence, examine how youth’s unemployment exacerbate Political Violence, assess the impact of Youths involvement in political violence and recommends measures for curbing the challenge of unemployed Youths involvement in political violence in the Area Council. The study was anchored on Ole Wæver (2018)'s securitization theory of which emphasized that fear or threat leads to loss of societal values such as orderliness, respect, civil obedience, peace, unity and patriotism etc. The cross-sectional survey was adopted with data collected from one hundred respondents from the Educational Research and Development Council, Sheda Kwali and Kwali Area Council Secretariat. From the responses in line with the objectives, the study revealed that there is significant relationship between youth’s unemployment and political violence. Also, it is discovered that youth’s unemployment exacerbate Political Violence as political violence are mostly perpetuated by Youths. Also, it is found that that there is impact of youths’ involvement in political violence the socio-political development. Through the lens of the Securitization theory, it was established that security issues can only be achieve either by the government on one part or the collective effort by the citizens as a result of fear of losing the societal value. The study recommends that youth should understand the risk of their involvement in any social vices, as it is not the only means of achieving nor protecting interest rather a means of providing threat to peaceful co-existence and loss of societal value. Likewise, to avoid this, it is cardinal that government give priority to youth in the society and provides them policies that tends to enhance their development.
Youths, Unemployment, Political Restiveness, Violence, FCT
INFLUENCE OF ORGANISATIONAL CLIMATE ON TEACHERS’ AUTONOMOUS BEHAVIOUR IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
This study examines the influence of organizational climate on teachers’ autonomous behaviour in public senior secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. Organisational climate refers to the collective perceptions of policies, practices, and procedures that shape the working environment within an educational institution. The study employs a descriptive survey design to explore the influence of organisational climate dimensions such as school curriculum standards, departmental guidelines, and teacher collaboration school feedback systems, classroom observation, and the school environment on teachers' autonomous behaviour in curriculum development, assessment, and grading classroom management and practices. A sample of senior secondary school teachers from public institutions across Ogun State was selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis. Findings reveal a significant influence organisational climate on enhanced teachers' autonomous behaviour. Specifically, schools with supportive leadership, collaborative staff relationships, and adequate resources foster higher levels of independent decision-making and professional creativity among teachers. Conversely, a negative organisational climate, marked by authoritarian leadership, inadequate resources, and poor communication, limits teachers’ capacity to exercise autonomy. The study reveals the importance of creating a supportive and empowering school climate to enhance teacher performance and student outcomes. Recommendations are provided for policymakers, school administrators, and education stakeholders to promote a conducive organisational climate that encourages teacher autonomy and professional growth.
Teachers’ Autonomous Behaviour, Organisational Climate, Senior Secondary School, Ogun State.
IMPACT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the impact of quality assurance on students’ academic performance in public senior secondary schools in Kwara State, Nigeria. To determine the impact of quality assurance on students' academic performance, six (6) research questions and four (4) research hypotheses were developed and put to the test. This study employed a descriptive survey as its research design. The population comprised all the teachers in public senior secondary schools in Kwara State. The sample comprised of 220 respondents who were selected using multistage sampling technique. One researcher-constructed instrument was used to gather data. This was “Quality Assurance Strategies Questionnaire” (QASQ). Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical method to ascertain the objectives of the study. The results showed that public senior secondary schools in Kwara State maintain standards and quality through effective monitoring, supervision and evaluation process. The results also indicated that supervisors inspect public senior secondary schools in Kwara State thrice within a session (57%). The result further proved that there is a significant relationship between quality assurance and students’ academic performance in Kwara State public senior secondary schools (rcal = 0.681> rtab = 0.195). The results showed a significant relationship between quality assurance and instruction in Kwara State public senior secondary schools (rcal = 0.530> rtab = 0.195). The study concluded that quality assurance has positive influence on students’ academic performance in public senior secondary schools in Kwara State. The study suggested that in order to attain quality standards in the educational system, the government should further enhance quality assurance in Kwara State senior public senior secondary schools. This would significantly raise the caliber, norm, and performance of students in both internal and external examinations.
Quality assurance, impact, academic, performance, senior secondary schools
ASSESSSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION AMONG WOMEN IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
This study assessed the risk factors associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) among women in Ilorin West Local Government Area, of Kwara State, Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to identify the risk factors responsible for PIH and Determine the significance of these factors. A descriptive survey research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from 150 pregnant women. The study found that obesity, advanced maternal age, and a family history of hypertension were significant risk factors for PIH. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol intake, and lack of physical exercise were identified as contributors to the condition. The results revealed a strong association between sociodemographic factors and the risk of PIH with statistical value of p>0.05 meaning F-value greater than 0.05 computed at 95% confidence interval. Obesity and advanced maternal age were particularly influential, with significant correlations found between these factors and the likelihood of developing PIH. Furthermore, the study highlighted the role of family history in increasing the risk of PIH, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the condition. The study concludes that PIH is a significant public health concern in the region, with several modifiable risk factors contributing to its prevalence. The findings underscore the need for increased advocacy, better health facilities, enhanced educational training for healthcare providers include promoting healthy lifestyles, improving antenatal care, and conducting further research to better understand the risk factors associated with PIH. These measures could help reduce the incidence of PIH and improve maternal and fetal outcomes in the region.
Pregnancy, Hypertension, Women, Risk Factors Public health.
AN ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN PIDGIN VERB PHRASE STRUCTURE ON SELECTED RADIO PROGRAMMES IN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA
The verb phrase is an obligatory element of the Nigerian Pidgin sentence structure. However, its different constituents and their functions have either not been fully studied or reported in available literature. This paper presents an analysis of verb usage in the Lagos and Ogun states variety of Nigerian Pidgin. The study sample was taken from selected radio programmes aired on four popular radio stations in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria. The verb phrase elements in different clausal and sentence constructions were identified, transcribed and analysed, using the traditional grammar conceptual framework based on their forms and functions. The findings show that the Nigerian Pidgin verb phrase structure, although reflects some features of English language and those of the Kwa language family such as Yoruba, is distinct from those of its superstrate and substrate languages. One of its features is that it has five modal auxiliary verbs. Another is that some of its lexical verbs express synonymy, while some others express polysemy. The paper concludes that considering the absence of a national language in Nigeria, the logical generalisation on the usage of verbs among NP speakers in Lagos and Ogun states in particular and the southern part of Nigeria in general would bring about Language of Wilder Communication (LWC). Key words:
Nigerian Pidgin, Verb Phrase, Auxiliary Verbs, Lexical Verbs, Radio Programmes.
PERCEPTION, KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS AND VACCINATION UPTAKE AGAINST CERVICAL CANCER AMONG STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS, KWARA STATE
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been a concern in the medical field since the mid-20th century, with research linking it to both warts and certain cancers. This study explores the perception, knowledge, awareness, and vaccination uptake of HPV among students in tertiary institutions within Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State. The main objective was to assess students' understanding of HPV and their vaccine uptake. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, with data collected from 363 female students (Figure 1), using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA were employed to analyze the data. Findings revealed that 65% of the students had heard of HPV, but only 30% demonstrated comprehensive knowledge of the virus and its vaccine to a high extent. Awareness varied by source; for example, 41.0% of respondents reported a moderate extent of awareness through media (Figure 2), while 62.0% indicated low awareness through family discussions (Table 1). No significant associations were found between gender and HPV knowledge, or between age and vaccination uptake (p > .314). Academic level did not significantly influence awareness or perceptions, with similar awareness levels across disciplines and study levels (ANOVA, p > 0.05; Figure 4). Vaccination uptake was low, with only 20% of respondents reporting receiving the HPV vaccine, and 34.2% showing a moderate likelihood of considering vaccination in the future (Table 4). The study concludes that demographic factors such as gender, age, and academic level do not significantly affect students' knowledge, awareness, or vaccine uptake. Therefore, universal educational initiatives are necessary to enhance HPV awareness and vaccination rates. Future research should explore other potential influences, such as social and cultural factors, on HPV-related behaviours. The study recommends comprehensive education programs, digital platforms for awareness campaigns, and stronger collaboration between health institutions and universities to improve vaccination uptake.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Vaccination Uptake, Cervical Cancer, HPV wareness, HPV Knowledge, Perception
INVESTIGATING INFLUENCE OF ETHNIC CLEAVAGES ON CITIZEN-POLICE INTERFACE IN JOS METROPOLIS, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Ethnic disagreements and crises have become a persistent social dilemma in Plateau State, Nigeria. The phenomenon is usually responded to by mass deployment of security agencies to restore law and order in the area, and such often enhances ethnic solidarity and open confrontation between ethnic groups and policing agents in the line of duty. Previous studies have dwelled mostly on the causes and implications of cycle of ethno-religious conflicts in Jos, but no focus was accorded to influence of the conflicts on citizen-police collaboration in the study locality. This study was a paradigm shift investigating influence of ethnic cleavages on citizen-police interface in Jos Metropolis. Social Identity theory was adopted as underpinning orientation. Descriptive Research Design was employed as study blue print. Structured questionnaire tagged "Influence of Ethnic Cleavages on Citizen-Police Interface Questionnaire" (IECCPIQ) was used as data collection instrument. Law enforcement agencies, Community traditional institutions, Women and Youth Associations, Community Security Advisory Committees, and Academics constitute the study population. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed using calculated mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages, and presented in tables for decision making. Findings revealed that complex interactions exist among the various ethnic nationalities in Jos. Ethnic disaffection had significantly influence citizen-police collaboration in the area. Ethnic-based residency patterns in Jos have also impeded trust between police and citizens. Premised on the Key findings, the study recommended detribalized and accountable police framework. This would aid seamless navigation through complex sociocultural circumstances in Jos. A robust multi-ethnic education Programme be introduced in policing functions to foster trust between citizens and police. The study further suggested ethnic conflict merchants be well policed and deterred in all communities, using intelligence-oriented policing models. Policing agents should be encouraged to reside in the midst of other citizens for improved integration and synergy within the locality.
Ethnic Cleavages, Citizen-Police Interface, Jos Metropolis, Plateau State
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICE OF DOMESTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, ILORIN, KWARA STATE
Wastes are all things we consider unfit, unwanted and discarded due to economic reasons or ignorance of alternative technologies to re-use them. Human activities create wastes which need handling, storage, collection and disposal as they pose risk to the environment and public health. The aim of the study is to assess and understand the knowledge, attitude and practice of domestic waste management and its impact on environmental pollution. This study applies a descriptive design to assess the knowledge, Attitude and Practice of domestic waste management and its impact on environmental pollution in Ilorin West Local Government, Kwara Statesing multistage sampling techniques. The questionnaire was administered using convenience sampling techniques. Most of the respondents (about 80%) have high knowledge on domestic waste management in relation to environmental pollution. All the p value is less than 0.05 (p value > 0.05 or 5%) for all sections of the research which shows the p value as 0.01 or 1% which reviews that all sections are statistically significant meaning that the null hypotheses was rejected and we accept the alternate hypotheses which shows that there is significant relationship between the respondent responses in relation to pollution. Since there is significant relationship (i.e. p value is 0.01 which is less than the set hypothesis)etween Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of waste management and environmental pollution among people in Ilorin West L. G. A, improving knowledge on domestic waste management will decrease the practice on domestic waste pollution such as burning, throwing of waste into land and water bodies. Skip containers should be replaced as soon as possible in communities to encourage frequent disposal of waste. The waste management bylaws should be strictly enforced to punish anyone who disposes waste at unapproved areas such as fines.
Waste, Domestic waste, Domestic waste management, Environmental pollution, Ilorin West
MENTAL HEALTH DIFFICULTIES, COPING MECHANISMS AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AMONG IN SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ILORIN KWARA STATE
Although adolescents are highly vulnerable to mental health challenges, they receive little attention, especially in developing countries. The study was on mental health difficulties faced by adolescents in three senior secondary schools in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Ilorin, Kwara Sate, their coping strategies and support systems. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study using multi stage sampling to select 274 participants for the study. More than half of the respondents 57.09% are familiar with different mental health condition. The survey also shows a higher female participation rate 60.45% compared to males 39.55%. Majority 72.01% of students feel overworked due to academic demands, and despite completing assignments or homework within deadlines, they may experience increased stress. The data reveals that 47.01% of students use music as a coping mechanism for anxiety and only 1% of respondents have sought professional help. The p value of 1% (0.01< 0.05) of the data analysis on mental health clearly shows that the respondents have different experiences and views about their mental health. The p value of 0.9 in coping strategy is such a small quantity that it indicates that the differences between the coping strategies are statistically significant. The analysis of four section datasets reveals significant variability 0.01 in respondent characteristics, suggesting that demographic factors play a crucial role in shaping opinions and experiences. Mental health data suggest that respondents have very different mental health experiences, which could be due to personal, environmental, or situational factors. Coping strategies data shows that there is no uniform approach to coping with mental health challenges, and individuals may adopt different strategies based on their personal circumstances or preferences. This indicates a need for personalized mental health interventions that cater to the diverse coping mechanisms employed by different individuals.
CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: BEST PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES
The effective management of curriculum in higher educational institutions is crucial for ensuring the quality of teaching and the overall educational experience. A well-designed curriculum management system aids in the alignment of educational goals, the systematic organization of courses, and the continuous improvement of academic programs. This paper discussed curriculum management systems in higher educational institutions, best practices and challenges. Despite the benefits of the curriculum management system in tertiary education numerous challenges impede the effective management of curriculum. These include the difficulty in integration of digital technology into the pedagogical content, paucity of funds and deficit in educational facilities among others. To address these challenges the research submits that the managers of educational institutions should focus on fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation. This can be achieved by providing adequate training for the faculty, involving all stakeholders in the decision-making process and ensuring robust technical support among others. The implication is that adopting best practices and innovative solutions can help institutions overcome these obstacles and achieve academic excellence.
curriculum, curriculum management system, higher educational institutions
IMPROVING HEPATITIS B VIRUS AWARENESS AND PREVENTION IN ILORIN KWARA STATE
This study examines awareness and knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Ilorin West LGA, Nigeria. Given HBV's high prevalence and the risk of vertical transmission, understanding the level of HBV awareness in vulnerable groups is critical to developing effective prevention strategies. The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional survey, assessing respondents' knowledge of HBV transmission, symptoms, prevention, and vaccination status. Findings indicate that while 65.2% of respondents have heard of HBV, only a modest portion possess a comprehensive understanding of transmission routes and prevention measures. Antenatal clinics serve as the main source of HBV information, but there remain significant gaps in understanding the virus’s implications for liver health, symptoms, and the benefits of vaccination, especially in younger women and those with lower education levels. This study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to improve HBV awareness, increase vaccination rates, and reduce transmission in high-risk populations.
Hepatitis B Virus, HBV awareness, public health, Nigeria, vaccination
ANALYSIS OF INTERFERENCE AND CODE SWITCHING IN THE SPEECHES OF IBO LEARNERS OF YORÙBÁ AS A SECOND LANGUAGE
This study examines the linguistic phenomena of interference and code-switching in the speeches of Ibo learners of Yorùbá as a second language in Nigeria. Through a qualitative analysis of speech data collected from students and community members in Oyo, the research investigates the impact of native language influence on Yorùbá language acquisition. Key findings indicate that interference frequently occurs at phonological, lexical, and syntactic levels, primarily due to the inherent differences between the Igbo and Yorùbá languages. Additionally, the study observes strategic code-switching, which serves communicative, social, and expressive purposes among the speakers. The paper also discusses the implications of these phenomena on educational policies and language teaching, recommending specific pedagogical strategies to mitigate interference and utilise code-switching effectively. This research contributes to our understanding of second language acquisition in multilingual contexts and offers insights for language policy and educational practices in Nigeria.
UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LANDFILL LEACHATE ON UNDERGROUND WATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY FROM ILORIN
Leachate, a liquid that percolates through landfill waste, poses severe environmental and public health risks, especially in developing nations where urbanization accelerates waste production. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Ilorin Metropolis residents regarding landfill leachate contamination's impact on underground water quality.. Through structured surveys, this study assesses residents' awareness of leachate's harmful pollutants, including heavy metals and pathogens, and their understanding of potential health impacts, such as waterborne diseases. Findings indicate a high level of awareness among residents, who express significant concern about the potential contamination of water sources, yet reveal varying perceptions on the effectiveness of current waste management practices. The results underscore the need for intensified public education campaigns and enhanced waste management strategies. This research provides insights into community perceptions, highlighting the importance of participatory environmental management and the development of policies to safeguard public health and the environment.
Landfill Leachate, Groundwater Contamination, Public Health Risks, Environmental Awareness, Waste Management Practices
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ANAEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN RECEIVING ANTENATAL CARE AT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS, IREPO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE
Anemia is a global health problem with major consequences on human health as well as social and economic development.it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in developing countries. The study investigates the prevalence of anemia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at primary health care centers in Irepo Local Government Area, Oyo State. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional, hospital-based study using a quantitative method of data collection. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. The data was pretested, validated, and structured as a self-administered questionnaire, and analyzed using the SPSS Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the dependent and independent variables. The confidence level was held at 95% and the p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Anemia is less prevalent because the majority of the respondents said NO. Age is a significant risk factor of anemia among respondents (Cal x2 value = 288.55 tab. x2 value = 16.92 df = 9); blood loss is a significant risk factor of anemia among respondents(Cal x2 value = 382.11 tab. x2 value = 16.92 df = 9); Family history is a significant risk factor of anemia among respondents (tab. x2 value = 16.92 df = 9); Lifestyle habits is a significant risk factor of anemia among respondents (Cal x2 value = 154.25 tab. x2 value = 16.92 df = 9) and menstrual period is a significant risk factor of anemia among respondents (Cal x2 value = 180.36 tab. x2 value = 16.92 df = 9). In Conclusion, Age is a risk factor for anemia among respondents, Blood loss is a risk factor for anemia among respondents, and Family history is a risk factor for anemia among respondents. The study recommends that women under age 20 should ensure adequate iron intake because they are more susceptible to iron deficiency. Pregnant women should go for regular checkups to monitor their health and also avoid heavy lifting to reduce the risk of bleeding., they should engage in moderate exercise and avoid excessive physical activities and Pregnant women should inform their healthcare provider if they are experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding for necessary actions to be taken.
Risk factors, Prevalence, Anaemia, Pregnant Women, Antenatal, Primary Healthcare Centers, Oyo State.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL ERGONOMICS ON THE QUALITY OF WORK DELIVERY OF ACADEMIC STAFF IN SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN LAGOS STATE
This study examines the effect of organisational ergonomics on the quality of work delivery of academic staff in selected tertiary institutions in Lagos State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study population is four thousand two hundred and sixty- nine (4,269) academic staff in selected tertiary institutions in Lagos State. A sample size of three hundred and sixty- seven (367) was drawn from the population. The study adopted a stratified and purposive sampling technique in selecting the sample from the population. The study found that there is a moderate positive relationship (R = 0.461) between organisational ergonomics and the quality of work delivery of academic staff in selected tertiary institutions in Lagos State and an evaluation of the standardized coefficients of organisational ergonomics indicators and their associated p-values for the indicator Work schedule design (β WSD = .595, p < 0.000); for Teamwork (β T = -.160, p < 0.016) and Participatory design (β PD = -091, p > 0.120). The results of OE indicators β WSD and β T are statistically significant and can be used in predicting the performance of academic staff in the selected tertiary institutions in Lagos state. The study concluded that not all indicators in policy formation are significant, some indicators are expected to cause a drastic improvement which has an unexpected outcome. Therefore, recommended that developing a policy process that will examine characteristics of domains of ergonomics-workplace design, cognitive and organisational without limiting their policy to just one domain.
Organisational Ergonomics, Quality of Work Delivery, Performance
INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE AND GOAL ACHIEVEMENT IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA
The loss of a spouse in military service can have devastating effects on the mental health and well-being of surviving partners. This study investigated psychological challenges of widows of fallen military personnel in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed a descriptive survey method. A self-designed instrument titled the Social Media and Career Choice Questionnaire (SMCCQ) was used to collect relevant data. A total of 215 respondents were chosen using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Variables such as age, number of children and husband’s rank, were also considered. Mean and rank order analysis were used to answer the research question, while three hypotheses were tested using a t-test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed that the psychological challenges of widows of fallen military personnel are feeling lonely on spouse's passing, superficial social relationship and unhappy being alone which are all loneliness and feeling isolation. The findings also revealed that there is no significant difference in psychological challenges of widows of fallen military personnel based on age and husband’s rank and there is a significant difference in the psychological challenges of widows of fallen military personnel based on number of children. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that it is essential to establish support groups specifically designed for them in the barracks. These groups can provide a safe space for sharing experiences and connecting with others who understand their challenges, helping to alleviate loneliness and feelings of isolation.
fallen military personnel, loneliness, psychological challenges, widows
This study examined the relationship between institutional climate and goal achievement in public universities in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was used in the study. The study selected 503 academic staff in public universities in Adamawa State as respondents. A research design questionnaire titled “Institutional Climate and Goal Achievement Questionnaire (ICGAQ)” was used as the research instrument. Two research questions were raised and four research hypotheses were formulated which were answered using frequency, mean rating and Pearson product-moment correlation statistics. The hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significant. The findings showed that the level of Institutional Climate and Goal Achievement in public universities in Adamawa State were high with overall means of 2.96 and 2.83 respectively. A significant relationship existed between institutional climate and goal achievement in public universities in Adamawa State. The study recommended that Institutional climate variables such as interpersonal relationship, leadership and staff relationship, and quality of communication should be further enhanced since they all have significant relationship with public universities goal achievement in Adamawa State.
SUPERVISED LEARNING TECHNIQUE FOR PREDICTING PROGNOSTIC RISK OF MALARIA AND TYPHOID FEVER
Malaria and typhoid are serious infectious diseases of the digestive system, caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with the bacillus salmonella. The rate at which malaria and typhoid fever kills particularly in West Africa is alarming, and thereby require solution development and knowledge-based decision support. At times, rarely available facilities could be occasioned by inadequate medical personnel among other germane issues that require urgent redress. In this study, supervised learning technique was adopted to improve the prognostic prediction of malaria and typhoid fever. Improved predictive system for malaria and typhoid prognosis was developed using Naïve Bayes model, and experimented with localized clinical dataset using Visual Studio.net and ActiveX Data Object. Naive Bayes approach was adopted as supervised learning to sequence of symptoms for every observation; by analyzing parameter values into a particular diagnostic label being the likely predictor in a training set. Experimental evaluation of the system was measured; giving seventy-two percent (72%) accuracy and eighty-one percent (81%) precision as performance metrics.
Malaria, Typhoid, Data Mining, Supervised Learning, Prediction, Model
THE POLARISATION OF INTERNAL DISPLACED PERSONS AND HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN NORTHEAST NIGERIA
This study seeks to examine the internally displaced persons and humanitarian crisis in Northeast Nigeria. The ongoing problem and high rate of the Boko Haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria have bedeviled the region where the humanitarian crisis has been high. The research engaged in the qualitative means of generating data through secondary sources from publications, articles, journals, the internet, and libraries for analysis. Notably, the paper discovered that majority of the IDPs were more faced with how to return to their local integration or resettlement than a return. Most of them are faced with issues of attack and psychological effects from the insurgency crisis. Feelings of vulnerability, the experience of violence, and hope of economic and social empowerment were significant reasons for local integration or resettlement. The regional humanitarian crisis needs urgent attention to support the various IDPs and workers in Northeastern Nigeria. The need to rebuild livelihoods and restore social and community networks were the significant factors IDPs associated with the choice of return. Conclusion: there is a sense that androcentric cultural norms give men the power to make decisions for the family shape decision-making even in emergencies. The paper concluded and recommended that the government and all private organizations support the IDPs and humanitarian work in the country's Northeastern region. Provision of security should be provided to secure lives and properties in the area.
Internal Displaced Persons, Security, Humanitarian Crisis, Northeast Nigeria
THE IMPACT OF AFRICAN REGIONAL ORGINISATIONS ON YOUTH EMPOWERMENT AND SECURITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Nigeria’s society is naturally blessed with abundant human and material resources such as land, mineral and water. According to the National Youth Population Commission (NPC, 2013), youth constituted a large proportion of the Nigeria human resources. The level of development whether economic or socio-political attained by any country depends largely on the extent to which enormous potentials of its resources are harnessed by the government. The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between youth empowerment policies and programmes and national security development in Nigeria. The “Youth bugle theory” by Gunnar (1990), was used as a framework for the study. The theory argues that a large youth population is prelude to instability and civil unrest. A Desk research method was used using content analysis technique with data drawn from secondary sources. It identified various social, educational, economic and political components needed to achieve holistic youth empowerment that can lead to effective national security development in Nigeria. It equally highlighted barriers to effective youth empowerment and how it can lead to increased insecurity challenges in Nigeria. Security of lives and properties remained the fundamental duties of government and the backbone to economic and socio-political development. The paper concluded that Youth empowerment remained one of the major determinants of a country’s level of security development. Thus, instruments of the “Human Rights-Based Approach” to youth empowerment were recommended in order to provide sustainable national security development in Nigeria.
Youth, Empowerment, Security, Development
IMPACT OF COMPASSION-FOCUSED AND DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOUR THERAPIES ON THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL ADJUSTMENTS OF ADOLESCENTS WHO PERCEIEVE THEIR PARENTS AS SUBSTANCE-ABUSERS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
Substance abuse by parents can significantly impair their capacity to provide for and meet their children’s fundamental needs including, physical, mental, social and emotional support. This can leave children vulnerable to adverse experiences, potentially leading to psycho-social challenges such as anxiety, aggression, low self-esteem and shame. There is a need to address and resolve these challenges for the overall well being and development of the child. This study investigated the impact of Compassion-Focused and Dialectical Behaviour therapies on the psycho-social adjustment of children who perceive their parents as substance abusers. The quasi-experimental pretest, post-test control research design was used for the study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 101 adolescents (39 male and 62 females) who perceive their parents as drug abusers) in three Education Districts of Lagos State. Data collection instruments were Children Who Perceive their Parents as Substance Abusers Questionnaire, Severity Measure for Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Two research objectives and two corresponding research questions were raised. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed a significant difference in the psycho-social adjustment of adolescents as a result of the interventions. The result of the analysis revealed that compassion-focused and Dialectical behaviour therapies significantly reduced anxiety and increased self-esteem among the male and female participants. Recommendations based on the findings of the study include identifying and managing adolescents with poor psycho-social adjustment using both Compassion-focused and Dialectical Behaviour therapies
anxiety, compassion-focused therapy, parental substance abuse, psycho-social adjustment, self-esteem.
BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY ON EDUCATION FOR NIGERIAN CHILDREN
This abstract explores the impact of modern technology on education for Nigerian children, focusing on bridging the digital divide. It examines how access to technology influences educational outcomes, addressing factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and digital literacy. The paper investigates the role of government initiatives, private sector involvement, and community efforts in narrowing the gap. Through review of Relevant Literature and previous works similar to this, the paper delves into the challenges and opportunities presented by integrating technology into the Nigerian education system. It evaluates the effectiveness of various digital learning tools, online resources, and educational platforms in enhancing student engagement and academic performance. Additionally, it discusses the implications of unequal access to technology on socioeconomic disparities and suggests strategies for equitable access and inclusive education policies.
Modern technology, Socio economic disparities, Inclusive education, Nigerian children, digital divide and educational outcome.
EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
This study investigated the relationship between exchange rate volatility (ERV) and the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria, as measured by Net Profit Margin (NPM). The Study utilized secondary source of data from audited annual reports and accounts of selected listed deposit money banks in Nigeria and exchange rate data were sourced Oanda FX Data Services spanning from 2019 to 2023. It utilized ex-post facto research design, and the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory was utilized to guide the study. The findings revealed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.399) between ERV and NPM, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.015. The regression model shows approximately 15.9% of the variance in NPM, with an R² of 0.159, indicating that while ERV has an effect; other factors likely contribute to the variation in NPM. The results show that a unit increase in ERV leads to a 128.857 increase in NPM, suggesting a positive influence. The model’s F-value of 5.290 and p-value of 0.029 further confirm the significance of ERV as a predictor of NPM. However, the study recommends that as model’s explanatory power is limited, indicating the need for further research with additional predictors to fully understand the determinants of bank profitability in the context of exchange rate fluctuations.
Exchange rate volatility, Deposit money banks, and Net Profit Margin.