INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
International Journal of Advanced Research in Multidisciplinary Studies (IJARMS) is an internationally recognized peer-reviewed multidisciplinary Journal published twice a year (June and December) by the Centre for Research, Industrial Linkage and International Cooperation, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria. Normally, Authors submitting manuscripts are expected to present their research work for assessment and review. Manuscripts are published on the assumption that they are original and have not been published elsewhere. All manuscripts are assessed initially by the Editors and only those papers that meet the editorial standards of the journal will be sent for review. All manuscripts are reviewed as soon as possible and an editorial decision is generally reached within 8-10 Days of submission.
INFLUENCE OF CORRUPTION ON ATTAINMENT OF QUALITY EDUCATION AND PUPILS’ ABILITY TO DEVELOP SPIRITS OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND NATIONAL UNITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA
The study examines the Influence of Corruption on Attainment of Quality Education and Pupils’ Ability to Develop Spirits of National Consciousness and National Unity in Primary Schools in Nigeria. The design for the study was descriptive survey research method. The population of the study consisted of all primary schools in north central Nigeria totaling 53,293. The study adopted stratified random sampling technique to obtain the target public and private primary schools to be used for the study in each state within the north central Nigeria. A sample size of 381 respondents was selected at 95% confidence level and 5% level of precision as determined by Research Advisors table for sample selection (2008). The study used selfdeveloped questionnaire as instrument for data collection. The content, construct and face validity of the questionnaire were ascertained by experts in Social Studies and test and measurement. The data collected from the pilot test was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha (split half method) and the reliability index power stood at 0.91 and 0.96 for teachers and administrators respectively. The study used mean and standard deviation to answer research question posed while independent samples t-test was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 alpha. The study found no significant difference in the mean opinion scores of teachers on the impact of corruption on quality education and pupils’ ability to attain and develop national consciousness and spirit of national unity in North-Central Zone, Nigeria in relation to location. In the light of the foregoing, the study recommended the need for the government to ensure that educational institutions are being rid of corrupt practices as it has adversely impacted on quality education attainment and pupils’ ability to attain and develop national consciousness and spirit of national unity.
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ASSESSMENT OF UNDERGRADUATE SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENTS PERCEPTION ON CAUSES OF FARMERS-HERDERS CONFLICT IN NORTH-WEST, NIGERIA
The study examined the Undergraduate Social Studies Students’ Perception on Causes of FarmersHerders Conflict in North-West, Nigeria. The design of the study was descriptive survey research method. The population of this study consisted of all the undergraduate Social Studies students of 400 Levels in degree awarding institutions of the region under study which offer Social Studies Education at the B. Ed Level numbering 873. The sample size used for the study was 267. The sampling techniques adopted for this study were purposive sampling proportionate sampling. Structured questionnaire was used for collecting data. The content and construct validity were ascertained by relevant experts. The reliability coefficient index stood at 0.86 determined using Cronbach Alpha method. The study used mean and standard deviation to answer the research question while independent samples t-test statistic was used to test the research hypothesis at 0.05 Alpha level of significance. The study indicates no significant difference between the perceptions of undergraduate students on the causes of farmers-herders conflict in north-west, Nigeria. The study recommends a need for orientation and education of the herders as well as farmers.
EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA (1990-2021)
Many countries, especially developing ones, prioritize RGDP growth. Economic growth reduces poverty and improves welfare, so its determinants must be identified. Despite studies on economic growth's determinants, Nigeria's economy remains stagnant. This narrative inspired the present study, which examined how monetary policy affects Nigerian economic growth. Thus, this study examined Nigeria's economic growth and monetary policy. The study used 1990–2021 time series data. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and ARDL bond test were used to test the data's stationary nature and long-run relationships. The short-run regression conducted using the ARDL regression method showed that monetary policy is an important determinant of economic growth in Nigeria. The two indicators of monetary policy used (Monetary Policy Rate, MPR, and Money Growth Rate, M2) exert a significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the findings, this study concludes that monetary policies significantly affect economic growth in Nigeria. It thus recommends that policymakers embark on a renewed commitment to the conduct of monetary policy in such a way as to increase economic growth in Nigeria.
ETHICAL ISSUES AS PREDICTORS OF DATA COLLECTION IN TRANSDICIPLINARY RESEARCH IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN OGUN STATE
This study investigated ethical issues as predictors of data collection in transdisciplinary research in public universities in Ogun State, using a descriptive survey design. A sample of 182 academic staff of public universities in Ogun State, Nigeria was randomly selected through the snowball sampling technique. The mean age of the sample was 45.4 years with a standard deviation of 10.5. Instrument used for data collection was the Ethical Issues and Data Collection Questionnaire (EIDCQ) with test-retest reliability value of .82. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested by means of simple linear regression analysis at the .05 significance level. Results revealed significant influence of autonomy/consent (Beta = .263, t = 8.257, p < .05), non-maleficence (Beta = .217, t = 7.381, p < .05) and beneficence (Beta = .327, t = 11.648, p < .05) on data collection in transdisciplinary research. It was recommended, among others, that researchers should ensure that they get informed consent of prospective participants in order to improve the efficiency of data collection.
DETERMINANT OF EXTERNAL DEBT IN NIGERIA: AN ARDL AND ECM APPROACH
Despite the low and unstable economic growth rate, the Nigerian external debt has been on the increase. This study therefore seeks to examine the determinants of external debt in Nigeria using Auto Regressive Distributed lag and Error Correction Model approaches. Data from 1981 to 2020. The result of the bound test indicates there is longrun relationship between the variables studied. The estimation results shows that Military expenditure, debt servicing and deficit significantly and positively affect debt while corruption and oil revenue have negative and significant effect on external debt. The error correction coefficient is correctly signed and significant. The study therefore recommends that appropriate measures should be put by the government to invest the money borrowed in infrastructural and industrial sector development. This will reduce deficit corruption and curtail insecurity.
ASSESSING PUBLIC ENTERPRISES AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN A MIXECONOMY SYSTEM: A REFLECTION OF NIGERIA
The basis of public enterprises policies resulted from the world's continual pursuit for socio-economic development. African countries, mainly Nigeria, built large-scale public enterprises with the goal of attaining self reliance, employment generation, egalitarian society, labor welfare among others. Using secondary data drawn from libraries, local and international archives, academic resources, internet sources, etcetera; this paper assessed the contributions of Public Enterprises to national development. The findings reveals that, the objectives of the Public Enterprises has been not achieved, consequently, the aspirations of the citizens were shattered as the operations of enterprises were rife with bad governance, inefficient deployment of resources coupled with intense reliance on the national treasury for financial operations. Other challenges include massive corruption, ineptitude, nepotism, and gross mismanagement of the resources cum systemic failure and evasion of justice explain the poor performance of Public Enterprises in Nigeria. In the light of the above, this paper recommend for periodic evaluation of enterprises to identify implementation gaps and to resist detrimental policies that encourage persistence misappropriation of resources among the stakeholders; such inimical action should be harmoniously contested through negotiations by the coalition groups or Non-governmental Organizations. There is need to promote the practice of good governance and transformation of judicial institutions. Finally, attitudinal change and value re-orientation of the leaders and the led are required for the success of the Public Enterprises and national development.
EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL, PASTING, CHEMICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BIO-FORTIFIED MAIZE AND BAMBARA NUT FLOUR BLEND FOR MASA PRODUCTION
Masa is a cereal-based spontaneously fermented cake popularly consumed in Nigeria and Ghana as snack or adjunct to breakfast porridges. However, the dependence on cereal as a staple food in tropical African countries and tediousness of masa processing has necessitated the need for improving its quality with cheap source of protein such as Bambara nut. The masa flour blends from maize and bambara nut were prepared using standard procedure. The design expert version 6.0 was used for the experimental design and the blends were analysed for proximate compositions, vitamin A, functional properties (bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and swelling power) and sensory attributes following standard methods. The result gotten from these analyses showed the protein content, Vitamin A, bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and swelling capacity ranged from 16.46-22.45 %, 2.46-3.13iu/100g,0.56-0.67g/dm3, 2.76-3.14ml/g, 0.86-1.66ml/g and 4.65-5.46g respectively. The study has shown that the functional properties and protein content of masa flour were significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced by the addition of bambara flour. All masa samples were generally acceptable by the panelists asides from the sample with the lowest inclusion of bambara nut flour. However, blend of Maize: Bambara nut (70:25) was the best combination according to design expert optimization.
ENHANCING IMAGE SECURITY USING DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD, DISCRETE WAVELET TRANFROM WATERMARKING RESIDUE NUMBER SYSTEM AND GAUSSIAN FILTERING
Image encryption is the process of transforming images for its security. The security of digital images has attracted more attention recently due to the need to send images without fear of being attacked. Different schemes have been used to address security problems such as Data Encryption Standard (DES) using Residue Number System (RNS) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) using RNS. However, the former has a blurry result. Therefore, this study presents the enhancement of image security using Data Encryption Standard, Discrete Wavelet Transform Watermarking, Residue Number System and Gaussian Filtering. The developed system utilized RNS on a reversible watermarked image using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and encrypted using Data Encryption key. The encrypted images was converted to RNS with the moduli set {2n+1 -1, 2n, 2n-1} this process completes the encryption stage. The decryption was done using the Chinese Remainder Theorem and the cipher key was provided for DES decryption, which also performs reversible watermarking.
EVALUATION OF STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME IN KWARA STATE TECHNICAL COLLEGES
This study was to evaluate Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme in Kwara State Technical Colleges. Three research questions and two hypotheses were drafted to guide the study in which survey research design was used. The study comprised a total population of 120, which is made up of 110 technical vocation education and training teachers in Kwara State; together with 10 industrial supervisors from BUA Sugar Company in Lafiagi, Kwara State for the Study. A 25-item questionnaire was used for the data collection. The instrument was a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was found to be 0.81. The findings of the study showed that TVET graduates of technical colleges in Kwara State use all the available equipment and facilities. A descriptive survey was used for the study and data was collected from all the four technical colleges in Kwara State. The study identifies some factors responsible for the dysfunction of SIWES in Nigeria. These include poor quality of education in the areas of equipment and available facilities, short-duration apportioned to the programme in the school curriculum as well as unfavourable environmental factors. The study, therefore, recommended among others that, administrators of VTE should make sure that students are placed in their areas of study within the industry for training.
MANPOWER PLANNING AND STUDENTS’ ENROLMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT IN OSUN STATE
This paper examined manpower planning and effective management as predictors of students' enrollment into senior secondary schools in Osun state, Nigeria. Study presented in the paper revealed a low number of manpower (teachers) and poor enrolment of students’ in senior secondary schools in Osun state. Statistics also showed a decrease in students' enrolment from year 2016 to 2017. It is therefore concluded that the low manpower and poor management in public secondary schools could be the cause of the decrease in students' enrolment in the state. On the basis of the findings, the paper recommends education planners and managers need to strengthen human resource planning so as to improve participation and retention of teachers hence students can stay and learn in schools and management of public schools should be improved upon in order to be more effective and efficient as it predicts the rate at which students enroll and learn in public secondary schools.
EFFECTS OF SIMULATION METHOD ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN ECONOMICS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
The study focused on the effects of the simulation method on secondary school students’ achievement in economics in Plateau State, Nigeria. The study had two specific objectives. The study employed a Quasi Experimental research design specifically a non-equivalent design. A simple random sampling technique was used to select two intact classes from the study area. The two intact classes selected are G.S.S Gagdi as an Experimental group with 26 economics students and G.S.S Lamba with 37 economics students. The instrument for data collection was Economics Achievement Test (EAT. The instrument was validated by three experts. The split-half method was used to ascertain the reliability of the research instrument. The data collected from the study were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent samples t-test. The study revealed that the economic achievement of students who were exposed to the simulation method was significantly improved compared to their counterparts who were exposed to the conventional method. By implications, the findings indicate that the simulation method had an effect on the achievement of secondary school students in economics. Based on these findings, the study recommended that economics teachers should be directed by the Plateau state ministry of education to use the simulation method in teaching economics to secondary school students in order to improve the students’ achievement in the subject. Also, the Plateau state government should fund seminars and workshops on the use of simulation methods in teaching economics to secondary school students.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN COMMERCE AMONG FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GIRLS’ COLLEGES, NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA
Teacher’s recruitment procedure in Federal Government Colleges involves the utilization of Government policies to influence the number and calibre of teachers employed in the system. This study was undertaken with the general objective to assess Teachers’ Recruitment Procedure and its influence on students; achievement in commerce in Federal Government Girls’ Colleges located in the North-Central part of Nigeria. Four research questions were raised. In addition, two research hypotheses were formulated for the study. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study consisted of 175 commerce students and 77 teachers from all the seven Federal Government Girls Colleges located in North-Central, Nigeria. Data were obtained through colleges. The data collected were analysed by using mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, percentages, ranking and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Statistics. The four null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 alpha level of significance. These hypotheses were all rejected which indicated a correlation between the tested variables. The findings from this study indicated that students achieve more in commerce where recruited commerce teachers are adequate and have many years of teaching experience. In addition, problem solving methods are one of the best methods for effective teaching of commerce. Based on the findings, recommendations were made. These include among others, that the Federal Government should adopt the right procedure in the recruitment of teachers by making the exercise highly competitive with aptitude tests to determine who should be recruited. Higher salaries and other incentives in order to stay long on the job and to acquire years of teaching experience capable of enhancing students’ achievement in the subject should adequately motivate commerce teachers.
EFFECT OF WORK SURFACES ON POSTURAL CONDITIONS AND LEVEL OF INTENSITY OF PAINS EXPERIENCED BY HOMEMAKERS RESIDING IN SELECTED COLLEGES OF EDUCATION, NORTH CENTRAL GEO-POLITICAL ZONE, NIGERIA
Work surfaces that are essential in the performance of household tasks determine the satisfaction and comfort derived by homemakers in their residential dwellings. This study examines the effect of work surfaces on postural conditions and the level of intensity of pains experienced by homemakers residing in selected Colleges of Education, North Central Geo-Political Zone. A factorial research design was employed for the study. Purposive sampling was used to select sixty-one (61) homemakers in six randomly selected Colleges of Education. A 50-cm Flexi curve, specially structured recording sheet, and a selfdesigned scorecard were used as an instrument for data collection. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that work surfaces used during the performance of household tasks had a significant effect on postural conditions and the level of intensity of pains experienced by homemakers. The study concluded that the performance of household tasks on poorly designed work surfaces in terms of counter height induces improper postures, leading to changes in postural conditions and pains experienced by homemakers residing in selected Colleges of Education, North Central Geo-Political Zone. The researchers recommended among others that an Enlightenment campaign should be organized for homemakers on the requirements for designing work surfaces as well as the benefits of performing household tasks on work surfaces appropriate to their heights.
ENHANCING THE INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS THROUGH IN - SERVICE TRAINING AMIDST SECURITY CHALLENGES OF THE 21st CENTURY
This paper focuses on enhancing the instructional delivery of primary school teachers through in - service training amidst security challenges of the 21st century. Teachers are the engine room of the nation’s educational system and as such, their level of instructional delivery of the curriculum contents matters a lot. This was in view of criticisms in several quarters of teachers’ poor performance at the primary schools and the need for it to be improved upon via in - service training as a means to guide against security lapses presently bedeviling the nation now or in the nearer future. Adversely, a lot of factors have been identified to have or still affecting primary school teachers’ service delivery making the objectives of education at this level a mirage. It is important to note that primary education provides the foundation to other higher education and can also be said to have sustain life. In view of the aforementioned, this paper discusses concepts of teaching, primary education and in - service training. What to expect from in - service training of school teachers, instructional delivery process at the primary: at present; and security challenges faced with in the 21st century.
COVID-19 PANDEMICS AND IMPLICATIONS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY STUDENTS IN AL-HIKMAH UNIVERSITY, ILORIN, NIGERIA
This paper examined the Covid-19 Pandemics and implication on academic performance of Biology Students in Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin. Two research questions guide the study. A survey method was used for this study. The population consisted of 50 biology students in Al-Hikmah University. A purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the biology students in the schools. Two instruments; a structured questionnaire and academic performance proforma (APP) was used. Descriptive was used to describe data analysis. Mean and standard deviation score was used to present results of response to research question was used to test variables. Results shows that there is no significant impact of covid-19 lockdown on learning Biology among students in Al-Hikmah (r. = 1.23 > t.value = 0.997). The study also found that there is no significant impact of covid819 lockdown on the academic performance of Biology students in Al-Hikmah (r. = 1.12 > t.value = 0.997). Base on the conclusion, the study recommended that the management of Al-Hikmah University should continue to adopt more educational friendly technologies and expand the ICT infrastructural facilities that will support online learning in all schools especally in Biology. The school management should ensure that Head of Departments especially Biology department make use of ICT for teaching and learning of biological concepts mandatory for teachers and learners. This would avoid learning breakup in case of any eventuality like covid-19 pandemic.
A REVIEW OF THE HEALTH IMPLICATION OF KIDNAPPING IN NIGERIA
Kidnapping is among the contemporary social problems that are affecting the citizens and the socioeconomic development of the Nigerians and lived the victims or escapees with some health conditions that required medical treatment or services such as protein-energy malnutrition, sexually transmitted disease, peptic ulcer disease and physical injuries. The main objectives of this paper are, to find out the physical health implication that is associated with kidnapping, to find out the psychological health implications associated with kidnapping and also the emotional health implication associated with kidnapping. The paper reviewed various researches from different authors. The paper was highlighting the physical, psychological and emotional implications of kidnapping. This paper was concluded and recommended that the federal and state government should provide a skills acquisition centre and the necessary training materials for the unemployed youths in their various communities to become self-reliance and independent in the society and also the government and non-governmental organizations should provide a free health care service after the victims released or escaped from the terrorist/kidnappers to ensure ensured each escapee are free from sexually transmitted disease examples Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis and gonorrhoea infection.
IMPACT AND PROSPECTS OF MATERNAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES ON MATERNAL HEALTH IN ZARIA LGA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
This study was conducted to examine the impacts and prospects of maternal health care services on maternal health in Zaria LGA of Kaduna State, Nigeria. To accomplish this goal, Descriptive survey research was used. A sample size of 384 respondents from Zaria LGA with a population of two hundred and eighty-seven thousand, nine hundred and seventy (287,970) was selected through multi-stage sampling procedures of simple random and accidental sampling techniques. The instrument was validated by jurors in Health Education Department. The reliability of the instrument was done using the Cronbach alpha coefficient with 0.78 points obtained. 384 copies of the questionnaire distributed were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count, simple percentages, mean and one-sample t-test. The result of the study revealed that the impact of maternal health care services on maternal health is significant (p<0.05), and the prospects of maternal health care services on maternal health have perceived by mothers is significant (p<0.05). Base on the conclusion, it was recommended that the Government should revitalise maternal health care facilities and prioritise women's education on maternal health care services. In addition, policy should be made on family planning services and reduce the cost of prenatal, antenatal and postnatal services to enhance the usage of maternal health services which will hereby improve maternal health.
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE ARABIC- ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES
The Coronavirus pandemic has surprised the world, and has caused more than 1.6 billion children and young people to drop out of education in 161 countries, i.e. nearly 80% of students enrolled in school worldwide. On the Nigerian level, schools, along with other governmental and private institutions were closed on Monday 23 March of this year, and this closure had negative effects on education in general, and on Arab-Islamic education in particular, as the latter was and is still suffering from multiple educational crises which will be discussed in this article. The researchers believe that the importance of the article lies in the attempt to uncover the negative effects of the pandemic on Arab-Islamic education and suggest solutions to combat it and limit its continuation. The research adopted the descriptive and analytical method which will be used exposing the phenomenon from all its causes; thus enabling it to be contained from the closest aspect. The essay’s promptness comes in the angle of teaching Arabic for special purposes, as it is an activation of the pioneering role of Arabic education in the Nigerian Islamic community
MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND SECURITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE NEW NORMAL
The World globally is going through a period of break down in security and order. Lives and properties are endangered; killings, kidnappings, terrorism and ritual sacrifices are the order of the day. The environment itself is bedeviled with pollution in the atmosphere. Recently, a disease that the World had never experienced suddenly broke out, man became afraid of shaking one another, coughing and sneezing which used be natural and mild symptoms of cold or influenza turned into symptoms of a horrendous and killer disease called Corona-virus (COVID-19). There is fear everywhere, in institutions of learning, Students are being kidnapped, and terrorist attack has become prevalent. Health wise, many lost their loved ones to the pandemic. Government all over the World closed down businesses, organizations and institutions of Learning, so as to save lives of many, it was indeed the era of the ‘dark days’. However, the World is gradually coming to terms with managing the pandemic, thanks to the scientist, drugs and vaccines are being discovered, organizations and educational institutions are slowly going back to normalizing. Thus, in the ‘new- normal’ the safety and security of lives of students and workers in educational institutions should be of utmost importance to educational managers. It is recommended that educational managers put in place new innovations, to help manage safety and security in educational institutions in the new normal.
CLASSROOM ORGANISATION AND LECTURERS’ PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
This paper examined classroom organisation and lecturers’ productivity in public tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted correlation design. The population of the study comprised 3,850 academic staff in the seven public tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised and three null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A sample of 1000 respondents was drawn through simple random sampling techniques. Two research instruments titled ‘Classroom Organisation Questionnaire’ (COQ) and ‘Academic Staff Productivity Questionnaire’ (ASPQ) were used for data collection. Content validity of the instruments was ensured by test experts and the reliability consistency of the instruments was 0.79 using Cronbach’s alpha. The Kendall's tau-b correlation was used to analyse data collected through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0. The findings of hypotheses showed that: a significant relationship existed between classroom control and academic staff productivity in public tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria (τb = .839; N=700; p<0.05); a significant relationship existed between classroom monitoring and academic staff productivity in public tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria (τb = .743; N=700; p<0.05); and a significant relationship existed classroom organisation and academic staff productivity in public tertiary institutions Lagos State, Nigeria (τb =.855; N=700; p>.05). Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst other that universities, polytechnic and college of education authorities should provide adequate classroom and conducive learning environment for large population of students admitted in order to achieve academic excellence.
BUSINESS EDUCATION AND DIGITAL SKILLS: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
This paper focused on the conceptual review of business education and digital skill. It examined the concept of business education and the development of digital skills for the 21st century business education students. The world is a global village as advancement in technology has taken over the traditional way of teaching and learning and the world of work in general the need for business education graduate to be technologically incline cannot be over-emphasised. Thus; the need for 21st century Business Educators to teach students skill that are most relevant, useful, current and globally applicable is of utmost importance. The performance of Business Education graduates in the business world will greatly depend to a larger extent on the appropriate digital skills acquired that will enable them fit into the world of work and the society at large. The paper concludes that digital skills are necessary skills that business education students need to acquire as the world has gone pass traditional world practices in the workplace. Business Education graduates can only out-perform only if they are well grounded with relevant 21st century digital skills they need to succeed in life. The paper therefore recommends among others that Business educators/teachers at tertiary institutions should go for refresher courses to update their digital skills and government should adequately fund business education programme and provide computer laboratories with internet facilities.
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT AND ECONOMICS STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ESAN SOUTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
The study examined continuous assessment and economics on students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Esan South East Local Government Area of Edo State. The descriptive research design using the survey was adopted in the study. The population of the study covers all the 264 Senior Secondary School Two (SSS2) students in the 16 senior secondary schools in Esan South East Local Government Area of Edo State. The total of 132 Senior Secondary School two (SSS 2) representing 50% and all the students in the 16 senior secondary schools in Esan South East Local Government Area of Edo State was drawn for the study. The instrument used for the collection of data was basically a researcher developed questionnaire titled: “Teachers’ Continuous Assessment Practice Questionnaire”. The test retest the reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained on the instrument. Hence, the questionnaire was adjudged fit for use in the main administration. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) was used to test the research hypotheses. The result from the study showed that there was a significant relationship between dissemination of pre-evaluation information by teachers, teachers’ assessment feedback, teachers’ use of data gathering instrument and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Esan South East local government area of Edo State. It was recommended that simplified and concise interpretation of the continuous assessment policy provisions should be made into manuals, leaflets, and handbooks for distribution to teachers who are usually the implementers of most educational policies.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
The study investigated the influence of social media usage on undergraduate students’ academic achievement among undergraduates in Edo State, Nigeria. The correlational design was employed in this study. The population covered all the 56,388 regular students in Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma and University of Benin, Benin City in the 2020/2021 session. The proportional random sampling technique was used to select 1% of the total number of students across each of the faculties in the institution. Hence, 564 students were selected from both universities. The instrument was a Social Media Usage Questionnaire (SMUQ). The test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The researcher personally collected students’ raw performance scores from the sampled schools. The simple linear regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses and all the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that influence of social media visit frequency, time spent on social media and number of membership with social media significantly influences students’ academic achievement in public universities in Edo State. It was recommended that student should set their priority right by taking advantage of social media more for learning, online discussion, seeking academic help from academic faculty, downloading materials for reading and research purpose, and for solving academic related problems.
EFFECT OF FORMAL EDUCATION ILLITERACY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
The paper examines the effect of formal education illiteracy on economic development of Nigeria. The study employed the use of time series secondary data derived from NBS, CBN and World Bank data from 1990 to 2020. The data were analyzed using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, ARDL bounds cointegration test, and the diagnostic test of stability for ARDL model in order to have a suitable result. The research findings show that formal education illiteracy had significantly negative effect on economic development in Nigeria. Also, the result shows that there is a strong long run relationship between formal education illiteracy and economic development. The study therefore recommends on the government to make a constant upward review of budgetary allocation to education sector in Nigeria. This would perhaps looks into increase in the number of people seeking formal education most importantly the tertiary levels because only trained labour force can meaningfully and optimally contributes to societal development and economic growth in Nigeria at large.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND IMPLICATIONS ON CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY
The response of firms to environmental liabilities has brought about the reconfiguration of corporate performance indices in a larger context under the subtle influence of environmental and social factors, in order to develop a holistic view of an entity’s performance. This study, therefore, examined the implication of environmental accounting practices on corporate sustainability in Nigeria. The study raised three hypotheses and adopted ex-post facto method, while 12 years (2007-2018) annual reports of 11 selected fast moving consumer goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria were analysed, using content analysis and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 23.0). The findings of the study revealed that there are significant relationships between environmental accounting practice and economic sustainability, social sustainability, and ecological sustainability in fast moving consumer goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria. This study, therefore, recommended among others that corporate organisations in Nigeria should extend their management accounting and financial reporting systems to environmental accounting as a way of ensuring long-run corporate sustainability.
EFFECT OF STARTER DOSE OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COWPEA AND GROUNDNUT LAKE CHAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE MAIDUGURI
A field experiment was conducted at Lake Chad Research Institute Demonstration farm Maiduguri, Borno State experimental farm during the rainy season of 2021, to determine the effect of 3 level of starter dose of nitrogenous fertilizer on two leguminous crops Vigna unguiculata and Arachis hypogea. In this research, the application of starter dose of nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 25kg/ha resulted in high rate of nodulation and root weight, compared with other treatments i.e 20kg/ha and 30kg/ha which had lower rate of nodulation and root weight, the nodulation were highly correlation with of Groundnut like-wise the root weight of the cowpea. In this research, the field layout was designed in randomized blocks design (RBD) contain two plots with three replicates each for the three treatments of nitrogen fertilizer used, that is 20kgNlha, 25kgNlha, and 30kgNlha, the length of each replicate is 2m by 1.5m, the distance between one replicate with another is 0.5m, therefore a total length of 14m and the breath 9.5m giving a total area of 1440 square meters. Recommendation constitutes sandy – loam soil requirement up to 25kg/ha of starter dose of Nitrogen fertilizer applied immediately after planting and with optimum, rainfall; the rate applied count adequately, result in higher, rate of nodulation of both Vigna unguiculata and Arachis hypogea. Government should provide adequate facilcities to agricultural science and curriculum planners should make sure that practical work made compulsory and relevant to agricultural science.
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE PHYSICS PRACTICAL EXAMINATION MEASURE OF PRACTICAL SKILLS PROFICIENCY
The study determined the precision with which Senior School Certificate (SSC) Physics practical examination items measure proficiency in Physics practical and estimated the proportion examinees’ ability precisely measured. It also determined the extent to which the examination measure the same theoretical construct among students as well as its reliability The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The study's population comprised all Senior Secondary Three (SS III) students offering Physics in Osun State during the second term of 2017/2018 academic session. The study sample consist of 631 students chosen using a multistage sampling technique. The NECO 2018 SSC physics practical examination items were used to collect relevant data for the study. The Standard Error of Estimate (SE), limited-information fit measure, and empirical reliability were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that NECO physic practical examination measure examinees proficiency in Physics practical skills with low precision. However, the ability scores of the examinees were estimated high precision. The results also showed that 88.6% of the examinees fitted the model used in the calibration of the data. Further results showed that the construct validity of the NECO test was low but with a high reliability. The study concluded that the practical examination measures examinees’ practical skills proficiency with low precision and low construct validity. across sub-groups. It is therefore, recommended that examination bodies ensure construct validity and measurement precision during item construction.
COVID -19 AND THE GLOBAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS: IMPACTS IN NIGERIA AND THE ROLES OF LAW
The outbreak of Covid-19 has affected every sphere of human endeavours globally. Equally worrisome are the measures put in place to contain the spread of the pandemic. These measures have also negatively impacted the socio-economic rights of people in the world, and Nigeria is no exception. Against this backdrop, this study discusses Covid-19 and the global socio-economic rights: impacts in Nigeria and the role of law. This paper relies on information from textbooks, journals, newspapers, statute, legal instrument and internet materials.. This study found that the outbreak of Covid-19 has led to the adoption of drastic measures like restriction of movement, closure of businesses and schools etc. which caused dwindling revenue, job losses and salaries cut globally and in Nigeria. Nevertheless, certain provisions of the law such as the Finance Act, National Health Insurance Scheme Act, Pension Reform Act, Employees Compensation Act can be explored to cushion the socio-economic impacts of Covid-19 in Nigeria. This will in turn enhance adequate standard of living, adequate mental and physical healthcare, social safety nets etc. This study suggested that the law and research oriented policies should be explored to cushion the impacts of Covid-19 on the socio-economic rights of people in Nigeria.
NIGERIAN YOUTHS INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL VIOLENCE: THE ROLE OF PEER PRESSURE, DRUG ABUSE, SOCIAL DOMINANCE AND GANG MEMBERSHIP
This study examined peer pressure, drug abuse, social dominance and gang membership as predictors of involvement in political violence among street urchins in Lagos metropolis, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Three hundred and eighty-seven (387) street urchins randomly selected from the four areas of Lagos metropolis (Oshodi, Mushin, Lagos Island and Ijora) were participants for the study. They responded to a self-report questionnaire containing standardised scales. Data was analysed using frequency, Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test and PPMC at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that gang involvement, social dominance and peer pressure jointly predicted political violence (R2 = 0.63, F (3,384) = 23.18, p < .01). It was also found that gang involvement, drug abuse, social dominance and peer pressure all had significant relationship with political violence among street urchins in Lagos metropolis, and that street urchins with high dominance orientation tend to be involved in political violence more than street urchins with low dominance orientation. It was also found that each of peer pressure (β=.82; t= 12.98, p< 0.01); and social dominance (β= .57; t = 10.66, p< 0.05) had significant relative contribution to the prediction of political violence. Recommendations include that; vocational guidance should be given a place of priority as street urchins these days do not have the prerequisite qualification for most available employments, hence the temptation to engage in anti-social behaviour such as political violence. Useful suggestions for further studies were also offered.
Drug abuse,Gang membership,Peer pressure,Political violence,Social dominance Orientation
PARENTS’ COMMUNICATION STYLES AS QUINTESSENCE OF ADOLESCENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLORS
Academic Performance of students is of utmost importance to parents, educators, concerned Nigerians and the government. This, of course, is because of the huge impact education has on the national and economic development of the country. Education is an investment as well as an instrument that can be used to achieve rapid scientific, social, political, technological, cultural and economic development in the country. The influence of parents’ communication styles is particularly in focus when assessing determinants of academic success in adolescent children. It was discovered from this study that family involvement specially their mode of communication in students’ schooling is a positive and essential factor that contributes to their academic achievement. This paper therefore analyses concepts of parent’s communication styles, adolescents, academic achievements and the counselling implications. The researchers relied on context analysis and used secondary data such as published and unpublished materials like text books, journals, newspapers and internet materials to gather and analyse the required data. Based on the findings, the researchers suggested among others that Professional counsellors should endeavour to assist the adolescents in various schools by organizing seminars that will expose the effects of their parents’ communication styles within the school settings, Counsellors should ensure they educate and counsel parents on the need to communicate appropriately to the lives of their adolescents because it is during this crisis period (adolescence) that adolescents need them most.
Communication styles, Academic achievement, Adolescents