DNA DATABANKS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE: APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

DNA databanks have become an essential component of modern forensic science, significantly enhancing human 
identification in criminal investigations, disaster victim identification, and missing persons cases. This study 
provides a critical appraisal of the applications, challenges, and future perspectives of DNA databanks within 
forensic practice. A narrative review approach was employed, drawing on evidence from major scientific databases, 
including PubMed, and Google Scholar. Findings indicate that DNA databanks improve the efficiency and accuracy 
of forensic investigations through rapid comparison of genetic profiles, linkage of suspects to crime scenes, and 
resolution of previously unsolved cases. However, their implementation is constrained by ethical concerns, legal 
complexities, data privacy issues, and disparities in infrastructure, particularly in developing countries. In addition, 
challenges related to database management, population representation, and misuse of genetic information remain 
significant. Future perspectives emphasize the need for robust regulatory frameworks, improved data protection 
policies, expansion of population-specific databases, and integration of advanced genomic technologies. 
Strengthening governance and ensuring ethical compliance are critical to maximizing the potential of DNA 
databanks while maintaining public trust.