KNOWLEDGE AND COMPLIANCE OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS ON INFECTION PREVENTION CONTROL MEASURES IN SELECTED PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN ILORIN METROPOLIS

Abstract

Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are crucial for maintaining patient safety and preventing the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In Primary Health Centres in Nigeria, adherence to IPC protocols is essential, yet challenges persist, particularly in relation to knowledge, attitudes, and compliance among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study examines the socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitudes, compliance, and barriers that influence IPC practices among HCWs in ilorin metropolis. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 260 HCWs in selected PHCs across Ilorin Metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, IPC knowledge, attitudes, compliance, and factors influencing IPC practices. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and chi-square tests to identify associations between variables. The study revealed that the majority of respondents were under 30 years old (67.3%), with 64.6% being female and predominantly of Yoruba ethnicity (83.1%). Most respondents held Bachelor's or Doctorate degrees (76.5%), and nurses constituted 45.0% of the sample. Despite 80.0% of HCWs receiving IPC training, only 36.2% demonstrated good knowledge of IPC measures. Attitudes towards IPC were generally positive, with 53.8% exhibiting a good attitudinal disposition. However, compliance varied, with 60.8% showing high compliance. The availability of PPE and IPC materials, alongside continuous training and supervision, were identified as critical factors influencing IPC effectiveness. Conversely, inadequate knowledge, emergency situations, and poor attitude were significant barriers to compliance. The findings highlight the need for continuous IPC training, the provision of adequate resources, and implementation of supportive hospital policies to improve IPC practices in PHCs. Addressing the identified barriers essential for enhancing the effectiveness of IPC measures and reducing the risk of HAIs. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that PHCs in Kwara Central LGAs prioritize continuous IPC training programs, particularly for younger and less experienced HCWs.