SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PREVALENCE OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) IN ASA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study investigated the Socio-cultural Factors Influencing the Prevalence of HIV in Asa Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Respondents were individuals aged 18 years and above who are residents for at least six months, Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. 400 sample size was determined using Fisher’s formula. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants, and collected data were analysed with SPSS version 26. The study revealed (100%) awareness of HIV among respondents, yet knowledge accuracy varied, with significant misconceptions about transmission persisting. A significant relationship was found between age and HIV knowledge (χ² = 8.409, p = 0.015), with younger respondents (≤ 30 years) having a higher percentage of good knowledge (67.0%). Gender also showed a significant association with HIV knowledge (χ² = 10.911, p = 0.001). As education level was also strongly associated with HIV knowledge (χ² = 190.265f, p = 0.001). These findings revealed the importance of socio-demographic factors in influencing knowledge about HIV. Behavioral changes, such as reducing sexual partners and using condoms, were reported by 82% of respondents, but risky behaviors continued, influenced by socio-cultural factors like polygamy, reliance on traditional healers, and gender norms. Cultural practices were identified by 89.3% of respondents as contributing to HIV prevalence, particularly through polygamy and traditional rituals involving unsterilized practices. It was concluded that there are misconceptions about HIV that sterns from cultural beliefs that negatively influences HIV prevention and care. It is essential to implement interventions that are culturally sensitive and tailored to the community's unique social dynamics.