Psychological Effects of Tinnitus and the Efficacy of CBT and Relaxation Training: A Pilot Multiple-Case Study in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external source, significantly impacts psychological well-being, yet it remains understudied in Nigeria.

Methods: This pilot multiple-case study explored the nature of these psychological effects, including irrational thoughts, intrusiveness, insomnia, and suicidal ideation, and evaluated the impact of a 10 week psychological intervention combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and relaxation
training in five Nigerian patients (three females, two males; M age = 45.2 years). Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected via the Tinnitus Effects Questionnaire (TEQ), audiological assessments, and semi-structured interviews. While the small sample size (n=5) limits generalizability, inferential statistics are reported here as exploratory trends.

Results: Results showed significant reductions in irrational thoughts (p = .018), intrusiveness (p = .015), and suicidal ideation (p = .026), with moderate improvements in insomnia (p = .071).

Conclusion: Qualitative findings highlighted reduced distress and improved coping through education and group therapy. Recommendations include adopting culturally sensitive education and noise reduction strategies to enhance tinnitus management in Nigeria, while exploring digital interventions
for future scalability.