Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Carcinogenic Agrochemicals Among Farmers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Occupational exposure, Carcinogens, Hematological cancers, Farmers, Agrochemicals, NigeriaAbstract
Background: Farmers are at high risk of occupational exposure to carcinogens found in agrochemicals, which are linked to hematological cancers. In Nigeria, particularly in Ilorin Metropolis, there is a paucity of localized data on exposure levels and associated health risks.
Objective: To assess the level of occupational exposure to carcinogens in agrochemicals among farmers in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 farmers using a structured, interviewer-administered electronic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, employing descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA to examine agrochemical usage, safety practices, exposure levels, and associated health outcomes.
Results: The study revealed widespread use of agrochemicals classified as known or suspected carcinogens, including glyphosate (9.33%), 2,4-D (16.91%), and malathion (12.83%). Regression analysis identified significant associations with carcinogenic agrochemicals (p = 0.011). Although 71.14%
reported consistent use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and 65.89% had safety training, 41.11% experienced symptoms such as skin irritation (29.74%) and respiratory issues (26.82%). ANOVA showed PPE significantly reduced exposure (p < 0.05). However, regression indicated that most farmers
were not at significant exposure levels due to protective measures. All respondents expressed interest in safety training.
Conclusion: Farmers in Ilorin face moderate to high exposure to known carcinogens, mitigated by existing safety practices. Persistent gaps in knowledge and practice necessitate enhanced regulatory enforcement, affordable PPE provision, and sustained farmer education.
