Perception, Awareness and Attitude of Caregivers of Under-Five-Year-Old Children Towards Social Determinants on HealthOutcomes in Ilorin South Local Government

Abstract

Background: Child health outcomes are significantly affected by social determinants, including socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, nutrition, environmental conditions and social support. Caregivers' perceptions, awareness and attitudes toward these factors play a crucial role in decision-making for children under five. However, empirical evidence from contexts like Ilorin South Local Government Area (LGA) remains scarce.

Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of selected social determinants on health outcomes among children under five and to explore how caregivers’ perceptions and attitudes relate to these determinants.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative design was utilized, administering structured questionnaires to 343 caregivers of children under five years. Analyzing 309 valid responses (response rate: 90.1%), we gathered data on caregivers’ socioeconomic characteristics, awareness of social determinants and attitudes toward health practices. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations.

Results: Significant associations were found between socioeconomic status, healthcare access, nutrition and environmental conditions with child health outcomes. Caregivers exhibiting higher awareness and positive attitudes towards these determinants reported better health outcomes for their children.

Conclusion: This study highlights the essential role of social determinants in child health, emphasizing the need for enhanced caregiver education and community-based interventions in Ilorin South LGA.