Factors Influencing Contraceptive Misuse Among Undergraduates in Selected Tertiary Institutions in Ilorin, Kwara State

Abstract

Background: Contraceptive misuse among undergraduates contributes to unintended pregnancies and adverse reproductive health outcomes. Despite awareness efforts, misuse persists among students in Ilorin, Kwara State, largely due to misinformation and fear of side effects.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 undergraduates selected through multistage sampling from Al-Hikmah University, Kwara State Polytechnic, and Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing contraceptive knowledge, awareness, patterns of use and misuse, socio-cultural and economic factors, and exposure to misinformation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square (χ²) tests at a 5% level of significance.

Results: Awareness of contraceptives was reported by 70.9% of respondents, with condoms being the most commonly known method (86.5%). About 50.9% had used contraceptives, but misuse was prevalent, including inconsistent use and over-reliance on emergency contraceptives. Significant associations were observed between contraceptive misuse and knowledge/awareness (χ² = 14.72, p < 0.05), as well as misinformation and fear of side effects (χ² = 36.0, p < 0.05). Socio-cultural and economic factors were not significantly associated with misuse.

Conclusion: Contraceptive misuse among undergraduates is strongly influenced by inadequate knowledge and misinformation. Integrating comprehensive contraceptive education into tertiary institutions is recommended.