Knowledge and Communication of Adverse Reactions Following Immunizations among Caregivers and Healthcare Workers in Ilorin ,Nigeria.

Abstract

Background: Adverse Reactions Following Immunization (ARI) remain a critical factor influencing public confidence in vaccination programs, particularly in developing nations. This study examined caregivers’ and healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge, perceptions, and communication practices concerning ARI in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was adopted, involving a survey of 360 caregivers and qualitative interviews with nine HCWs and three focus group discussions with caregivers from selected Primary Health Centres (PHCs) across Ilorin East, West, and South Local Government Areas (LGAs). Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, while qualitative data underwent
thematic analysis using MAXQDA 2020.

Results: Results showed that 78.9% of caregivers demonstrated adequate knowledge of ARI; 86.9% recognized fever and 72.8% identified soreness as common post-vaccination reactions. However, despite 95.3% acknowledging ease of reporting, only 38.4% of those who experienced ARI reported them. Hesitancy occurred in 59.2% of caregivers and, largely due to misinformation and cultural beliefs, while 90% gained confidence through supportive communication with HCWs.

Conclusion: Findings highlight the pivotal role of effective communication and training in sustaining immunization confidence.