Determinants of Uptake of Modern Contraceptives Among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kwara State

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants influencing modern contraceptive uptake among married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in rural communities of Kwara State, Nigeria. Employing a cross-sectional descriptive design, data were collected between January and March 2025 from 400 women randomly selected in Asa and Moro Local Government Areas. A structured questionnaire captured socio-demographic characteristics, spousal communication patterns, access to healthcare services, cultural beliefs, and perceptions of side effects.

Findings indicate that 38% of respondents currently use at least one modern contraceptive method. Multivariate logistic regression identified higher educational attainment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.8–4.1), open spousal communication regarding family planning (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 2.1–4.8), and residence within 5 kilometers of a healthcare facility offering family planning services (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3–2.9) as significant positive predictors of uptake (p < 0.01). Conversely, entrenched cultural beliefs about fertility and apprehension regarding contraceptive side effects were reported by 52% and 46% of non-users, respectively, acting as substantial barriers to adoption. Qualitative feedback from focus group discussions further highlighted male partner approval and community health education as critical facilitators.

These results underscore the necessity for integrated interventions that combine health education, community engagement, and male involvement to address misconceptions and improve service accessibility. Strengthening family planning outreach in rural settings through mobile clinics and community health volunteers may enhance contraceptive coverage and contribute to broader reproductive health goals in Kwara State.